indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
inheritance; bequest; legacy; heritage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to untie; to unfasten; to unsew; to unstitch; to solve; to work out; to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.)
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
different person; another person; someone else; changed man
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to rewrite; to overwrite; to renew; to transfer
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hard to understand; incomprehensible; unintelligible
to have a talk; to tell a story
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
to torture; to persecute; to excruciate
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?