year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
thank you (for your hard work); good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
atmosphere; mood; a certain air; presence; (Earth's) atmosphere
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
how; in what way; how about
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
shape; form; appearance; style; state; situation
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; intention; mind; mood
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
particularly; only; in the case of
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
older brother; elder brother; brother-in-law (spouse's older brother or older sister's husband)
business; things to do; engagement; errand; affairs
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
guardian; protector; patron; parent
comparatively; relatively; fairly; rather; pretty; unexpectedly
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
not understanding; not knowing
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already