without; but if; otherwise; or else
the front; honesty; uprightness; decency; normality
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
frame; framework; border; box; limit; restriction; category
Nagano (city, prefecture)
to move (house); to transfer (department); to change the target of interest or concern; to elapse (passage of time); to be permeated by a colour or scent; to be infected
not taking an examination; not having to take an examination
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
care; looking after; trouble; bother; good offices; recommendation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
just because; even if; even though
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
just (now, at the moment, etc.); just as; in the act of; as soon as; at the moment that
study; diligence; discount; reduction
horsemanship; equestrian art; (art of) riding
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
to worry about the future
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
momentum; amount of exercise
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to put on weight; to gain weight; to grow fat; to get stout
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
unfairness; injustice; partiality
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
complete change; about-face
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
adds force or indicates command
to suffer; to receive (kindness, rebuke, support); to sustain (damage)
one's field of expertise; one's strong area
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
empty; void; vain; fruitless; lifeless
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicate reason; infers some protest