opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; to (e.g. "winning a game five to three"); equal footing
counter for parts, stages, installments, etc. (of a story, series, project, campaign, etc.); counter for bullets
loading; charging; filling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to allow; to enable; to make possible; to make feasible; to permit
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to set up (a house, store, etc.); to build; to have at the ready (e.g. a gun); to hold in preparation (e.g. a camera); to adopt a posture; to assume a stance; to put on an air
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
young person; youth; young
genius; prodigy; natural gift
apple; Apple (computer company)
complete set; all; everything
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
urgent; pressing; immediate; urgently; promptly; at once
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to need; to demand; to take; to require
time; hour; period; class
average; mean; balance; equilibrium
second (unit of time); arc second
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
person with a lot of experience; old hand; veteran (in a particular field)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to produce; to yield; to cause; to result from; to arise; to be generated
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy