with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
on good terms with; on cordial terms with; getting along well with; to make friends with; to be good friends with; to get along with
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sexagenary cycle (60-year cycle of 12 animal zodiac and 5 elements in the traditional Chinese calendar); 12-year Chinese zodiac
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
counter for choices, options, etc.
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
participation in a war; going to war; taking part in a competition or contest
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
opponent; adversary; the competition; the other side; one's enemy