indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
depreciation; decline; fall; slump
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
once; for a short time; briefly; (arch.) one morning
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to recover; to rally; to improve; to pick up
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
unspecified; random; indefinite
dozens; scores of; decades
10^12; 1,000,000,000,000; trillion; sign; omen; indication
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
scale; scope; plan; structure
payment made via bank deposit transfer; discarding a tile that becomes another player's winning tile
strife; riot; (media) uproar; brouhaha; feud; tussle
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
sudden; abrupt; rapid; sharp; drastic; radical
price increase; prise rise
by means of; due to; because of; according to
it doesn't matter what; anything is fine
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
quickly; at once; right away; hurriedly
to replace; to exchange; to interchange; to substitute
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
society; the world; the times
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
simple; plain; uncomplicated; straightforward; simple-minded; naive
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...