year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
suddenly; all of a sudden
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
in the twinkling of an eye; in a flash
most part; greater part; majority
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
in order to do; for the purpose of doing
opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; to (e.g. "winning a game five to three"); equal footing
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
development; exploitation
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
strength; power; proficiency; ability
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
equipping; installing; fitting; mounting; putting on
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
aviation; flight; flying; to fly; to take a flight
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
countries all over the world; all the countries of the world