ladies' (fashion, etc.); female bōsōzoku gang
nightlife districts; drinking districts
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to glitter; to glisten; to sparkle; to twinkle; to glare; to gleam
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to set free; to let go; to release; to miss (e.g. a chance); to lose; to let get away
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to catch; to capture; to grab; to clutch; to catch hold of (someone); to stop (e.g. a stranger in the street)
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
really; truly; indeed; good grief
all the time; every single time; thank you (for your continued patronage)
to be caught in; to be stuck in; to stop by; to drop in for a short visit; to get mixed up in (trouble); to get entangled in (a problem); to fall for (a trick)
to learn by experience; to learn one's lesson; to learn the hard way; to be discouraged (by); to have enough (of); to be disgusted (with)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
important person; influential figure; big shot; big thing; big one; big game
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
adds force or indicates command
saying "Ah!"; making one say "Ah!"; surprisingly; astonishingly
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend