indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
rule; domination; direction; management; control (of one's destiny, public opinion, etc.); governing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
martial arts; military arts; wushu (Chinese martial art)
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
great war; great battle; world war
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
decision of a contest; finals
tournament; knockout tournament (esp. single-elimination); elimination tournament
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
companions; friends; comrades; mates; partners
fighting a good fight; putting up a good fight; fighting bravely
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
youth; child (esp. of the young son of someone of high social standing); young; new
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
one by one; one after another; successively
being defeated; being eliminated (from competition)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
battle formation; camp; encampment; group; gang; war
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
first game; first round (e.g. of a tournament)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
fierce (fight, competition, etc.); severe; hot; hard; bitter; keen
to carry to extremes; to go to the end of something; to reach the peak of something (e.g. luxury, hardships, etc); to be extremely (e.g. busy); to exhaust completely; to have nothing left (e.g. to say)
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
war; battle; match; game; competition
to advance (spatially); to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to move ahead (e.g. of work); to intensify
exactly; just; right (when); just (as); just (about to); on the point of
as it is bound to (happen); following the natural course; though possible as it may be
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit