at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
life or death struggle; mortal combat; struggle to the death
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
activation (e.g. of network accounts, etc.)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
piece (in shogi, chess, etc.); (arch.) horse; (arch.) foal; bridge (of a violin, etc.)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); one's husband; (one's) employer; (one's) master; host
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
wish; desire; hope; prospect; expectation; (one's) hopes
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
presentiment; premonition; hunch; to have a premonition; to have a hunch
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
condition; situation; prospects
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
to grant (request, wish); to answer (prayer); to fulfill (conditions); to meet (requirements)
please (give me); please (do for me)
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
welcome!; nice to see you!
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)