before; prior to; ago; the past; before; previously
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
ingredient; (raw) material; unprocessed timber; raw timber; subject matter; topic
shop; store; someone who sells (something) or works as (something); someone with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
finally; in the end; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
opening a new shop; opening a shop (for the day)
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; yoisho! (word shouted by the spectators during a yokozuna's ritual stomps); yoisho (filler word in folk music, etc.); flattery; buttering up (someone)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
kilo-; 1000; kilogram; kilogramme; kilometre; kilometer
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to hide; to conceal oneself; to disappear (behind); to be hidden (by); to live in seclusion; to retire (from the world)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
self-awareness; awareness (of one's position, abilities, duty, etc.); perceiving (something); taking in (a sensation); self-consciousness
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
lovely; wonderful; charming; enchanting; nice; great
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
rare; uncommon; new; novel; fine; nice
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to become popular; to grow in popularity; to catch on
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
helper; assistant; help; assistance
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
to release; to let go; to free; to add (pieces of eggplant, potato, etc.) to water, broth, etc.
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows