indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to defend against; to protect against; to prevent; to avert; to avoid
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
fierce (fight, competition, etc.); severe; hot; hard; bitter; keen
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
to unfold; to unroll; to open
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; intention; mind; mood
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to notice; to realize; to be attentive; to be scrupulous; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
finally; at last; in the end; ultimately
commemorable; worth commemorating; momentous; monumental
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
union; combination; conjugation (of gametes); sexual intercourse; copulation
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
mark; sign; to mark; to put a mark on; trademark; paying attention to
judging from; on the basis of; from the point of view of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
android; artificial human; robot
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...