indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
finally; in the end; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
victory; triumph; win; conquest; success
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take (into one's hand); to own; to obtain
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
damn it; damn; beast; animal; person reborn into the animal realm; brute
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
regrettable; unfortunate; disappointing; vexing
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
to have a talk; to tell a story
please (give me); please (do for me)
is that so?; I see; right; oh
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to be heard; to be audible; to sound (like); to come across (as); to be well known; to be famous
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm