indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
three; three years of age
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
malicious gossip; backbiting; speaking ill behind someone's back
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
second year of junior high school; second-year junior high school student; behaving in a way characteristic of teenagers going through puberty, esp. by being overly self-conscious; (lit.) 2nd year of junior high sickness
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to take a bath; to have a bath; to take a shower
bath; bathing; bathhouse; public bath; room for drying lacquerware; base (wooden joint connecting the blade of a hoe, spade, etc., to the handle)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to enter; to go in; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to attain (nirvana, enlightenment, etc.); to achieve
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
orthopedics; plastic surgery; cosmetic surgery; smoothing (bursty traffic, etc.); shaping; fairing
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
how; in what way; how about
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to come to like; to become fond of; to fall in love
unable to resist; unable to suppress
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
the opposite sex; isomerism
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to be broken; to break; to break (down); to stop working; to fall through (of a plan, deal, etc.); to collapse