indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
now; the present time; just now; another; more
things on hand; things in stock; money on hand; money in one's wallet; on hand; in stock
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
senior high school student
part-time job; side job; part-time worker; part-timer
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
serving customers; looking after visitors; reception
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
(one's) superior; (one's) boss; the higher-ups
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
unable to stomach; sticking in one's throat; displeased with
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?