country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give (an example); to list; to summon up (e.g. all of one's energy); to gather; to arrest (a criminal); to capture; to nominate (e.g. for a position)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
date (of an event, meeting, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
formal; official; regular; proper; legal; due (formalities)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
management; (executive) staff; leaders; leadership; top brass; upper echelons
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
somehow (or other); for some reason; without knowing why; something (or other); some ... or other
planning; plan; project; arrangements
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
analepticum; restorative medicine
so; like that; that's right; indeed; let me see ...
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
cooperation; collaboration; help; support
to hold (an event); to give (a dinner, party, etc.); to feel (sensation, emotion, call of nature, etc.); to show signs of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
core; heart (of the matter); point; crux; kernel
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
private; non-public; secret; closed-door; closed
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
peace of mind; relief; (sense of) security; safety; assurance; confidence
research; study; investigation
participation; joining; entry