indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
how; in what way; how about
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
(following a verb) to be sure to; to do (something) so that ...; to make sure to; to try to
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to put an end to something; to get something over with; to quit something one has been engaged in too long or to an excessive degree
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
any more; any further; any better; any longer
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
in a daze; absent-mindedly; dimly; hazily; with a roar (of flames); with a whoosh
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
mentality; mood; sentiment; fretfulness; tedium; irritation
habit (often a bad habit, i.e. vice); tendency; peculiarity; idiosyncrasy; crease; wrinkle
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
with gusto; with wild abandon; enthusiastically; energetically
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?