indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
considerably; greatly; a lot
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
just to make sure; just to be sure; for confirmation; just in case; for caution's sake; by way of precaution
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to replace; to convert; to exchange; to interchange; to substitute (person, staff member, player, etc.)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; lower radical of a kanji; means of transportation
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged