to be surprised; to be taken aback; to be amazed; to be frightened; to be startled; to be alarmed
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
large; large-sized; large-scale; big
armored ship; armoured ship
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to invest in; to sink money into; to put into; to lay out (funds); to inject; to impregnate
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
article; goods; fine thing; fellow; (arch.) prostitute; (arch.) price
private person; individual
to obtain; to come into possession of; to get hold of; to get one's hands on
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
anyway; anyhow; at any rate; in any case
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
government; administration; ministry
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to determine (esp. a culprit or underlying cause); to pin down; to ascertain; (arch.) to stab to death
reading; reading (of a kanji, esp. kun reading); reading (e.g. of a situation); insight
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to praise; to commend; to compliment; to speak well of; to speak highly of
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
shop; store; someone who sells (something) or works as (something); someone with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
taste; elegance; appearance; air; the likes of ...; lowly people such as ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so