now; the present time; just now; another; more
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
news; word; tidings; omen; foreboding; premonition
Satsuma and Chōshū (clan alliance)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
main force; main strength; main effort; primary focus
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
military forces; army; troops; number of soldiers
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
successively; one after another
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
towards (a destination); for the purpose of; with the goal of; targeting (a group, a demographic)
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
finally; in the end; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
shogunate; bakufu; shogun's headquarters; Imperial Guards office; residence of the Imperial Guards commander
overthrow; defeat; bringing down; knockdown
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
apron of a gun; cover for the touch-hole on a cannon or matchlock
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
rising to action; standing up against; jumping to one's feet
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
occupation; taking and maintaining exclusive control (of a location)
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to run away; to flee; to avoid (a question, responsibility, etc.); to evade; to win without being overtaken; to hold off the other contenders (until the finish)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
wolf (Canis lupus); wolf in sheep's clothing; womanizer
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Shinsengumi; Edo-period police and military force dedicated to suppressing anti-shogunate activities
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
after all; in the end; anyway; (cannot) possibly; (not) at all; (not) by any means
how; in what way; how about
to paw (at) the ground; to struggle (using one's arms and legs); to flounder; to struggle (to escape an adverse situation); to strive