Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
why; how; for what reason
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to call (someone) to (the door, phone, etc.); to tell (someone) to come; to call up (on the phone); to invoke (e.g. a subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
partial; incomplete; imperfect
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
school; proofreading; proof
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
outrageous; preposterous; scandalous; inexcusable; absurd; execrable
questioning; interrogation; examination (of a witness)
to follow (a rule, precedent, style, etc.); to conform to; to be in accordance with
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
capital punishment; death penalty; maximum penalty; ultimate punishment
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
for a short while; for a brief period; soon; in a short while
postponement; deferment; hesitation; delaying; suspended sentence
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit; use
to send; to forward; to hand over (e.g. money); indicates that the action is directed towards the speaker; indicates that the object of an action arrives at or is received by the speaker
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
clue; lead; key; handhold; hold
very likely; very probable
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to lose; to miss (a chance, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
not going (well); not proceeding (as one wishes); bad; not good; hopeless; beyond hope