indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to deceive; to cheat; to falsify; to misrepresent; to evade (a question, taxes, etc.); to dodge
having no choice but to ...; all one can do is ...; there's nothing to do except ...; having nothing but ...; there is only ...; having only ...
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
how; in what way; how about
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
older sister; elder sister
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to ill-treat; to bully; to torment; to be tough on (e.g. one's body); to treat harshly
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
lady attendant; female servant; lady's maid; waiting maid
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
depravity; corruption; degradation
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to go against; to oppose; to disobey; to defy
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need