introduction; presentation; referral; showcase (of a product)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
lady attendant; female servant; lady's maid; waiting maid
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
honorific/polite/humble prefix
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
it's been a long time; long time no see
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
(being from the) same town (province, birthplace, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
acquaintance; friend; familiar face
eldest daughter; first-born daughter
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to harden; to freeze; to put together; to collect; to make secure; to stabilize; to fortify
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)