what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
dragon (as depicted in Western myths)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
queen; female monarch; queen consort; consort of a king; queen; princess
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
from now; from this moment; henceforth
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go upstream; to go up (a river); to go back (to the past or origin); to date back (to); to trace back (to)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
something like ...; something called ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
yours sincerely; respectfully yours
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
imagination; supposition; guess
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
trouble; burden; nuisance; care; dependence; support
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do