indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
reason; grounds; pretext; excuse; motive
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to curse; to put a curse on; to detest intensely
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
establishment; founding; organization; organisation
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance