wise; clever; smart; well-behaved (esp. children and pets); obedient; good
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to send; to dispatch; to despatch; to bestow (favour, etc.); to grant (e.g. pardon)
(Oh) dear!; (Oh) dear me!; Good gracious
tragedy; tragic drama; tragic play; tragedy; calamity; disaster
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to go in the direction of; to proceed toward; to become; to face (facts, circumstances, etc.); (arch.) to abide by; (arch.) to agree to
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
(your) beloved son; cute boy
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
reduction; decrease; subtraction; (arch.) reduction of penalty (under the ritsuryō codes)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to yield; to give in; to bend (knee, etc.); to subdue; to overpower; (arch.) to feel down
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
soul; spirit; willpower; vitality; something as important as one's own life; something invaluable
ardour; ardor; passion; fervour; fervor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
farewell; goodbye; adieu; if so; in that case; then
friend; companion; comrade; accompaniment; companion (e.g. book); complement
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be contented; to be at ease
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
precarious situation; precarious state
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
heh-heh; hee-hee; ha ha; (arch.) female genitals; (arch.) vagina; (arch.) vulva
black; black stone; guilt; guilty person
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
grip; having all the cards needed to form a scoring combination in one's hand
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
then; well; so; well then
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial