if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
transfer (of a call, patient, etc.); forwarding (a letter, email, etc.); redirection; transfer (of data); transmission
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
research institute; (research) laboratory
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
authority; expert; counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc.; understanding (esp. of male-female relations); tact; supernatural powers
equipment; device; installation; stage setting
oh; right; I see; OK; gotcha
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
metal plate; metallic plate
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thereupon; shortly thereafter
to send; to dispatch; to see (someone) off; to escort; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to spend (time)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
even more; still more; further
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to arrive at (a certain outcome); to come to; to end with
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
planet; dark horse; surprise contender
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
approximately; about; only; nothing but; just (finished, etc.)
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity