yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
publicity; advertisement; advertising; propaganda
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
tune; tone; vein; mood; condition; state of health
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
sweet-smelling; fragrant; aromatic; good (reputation, condition, results, etc.); favorable
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be truant; to slack off; to play hooky; to skip school; to cut class; to skip out
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
consequence; outcome; result; blame; fault
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
case; occasion; situation; circumstances
quality; value; nature; inherent quality; logical quality
first-class; first-rate; characteristic (of); peculiar (to); school (e.g. of flower arrangement); one flag
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
until now; till now; up to now; up to the present; so far
advertisement; advertising; announcement; notice
something like ...; something called ...
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
to make fun of; to look down on; to make light of
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
mother; motherboard; Mother (title of a senior nun); Mother Superior
all; entire; whole; altogether
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
at; in; at; when; by; with; so