indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
that far; so far; to that extent; stop!; not one step further!
skip it; drop it; I've had enough (e.g. when offered something); that's enough
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
to shoot (a gun, person, etc.); to fire
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
why; how; for what reason
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
Naraka; Hell; very bottom; the end; trap room (of a theatre); below-stage basement
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
shogunate; bakufu; shogun's headquarters; Imperial Guards office; residence of the Imperial Guards commander
to betray; to turn traitor (to); to double-cross; to disappoint; to let down
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to change; to alter; to mistake; to make a mistake; to fail to keep (e.g. one's promise); to sprain (a muscle)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
treachery; betrayal; perfidy
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about