yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
thank you (for your hard work); good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to stand up straight; to stick up (e.g. of hair); to stand up abruptly; to jump to one's feet; to stand (doing nothing); to stand around
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to attend on; to wait on; to accompany; to escort; to chaperone
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
time; hour; period; class
strict observance; rigid adherence; scrupulous compliance
and yet; though; when; in spite of
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
(not) at all; completely; utterly; very; extremely
careless (with something, esp. time, money, promises, etc.); lax; loose-fitting; relaxed-fit; laid-back (e.g. beat, rhythm); easygoing (e.g. atmosphere)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
senior (at school, work, etc.); superior; elder; older person; predecessor
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
preparedness; readiness; mental attitude; frame of mind
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?