simultaneously striking one another (in kendo, etc.); draw; tie
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
willpower; guts; determination; character; nature; disposition
leaving everything up to someone else
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to excel; to surpass; to exceed; to outweigh; to preponderate
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
(a) step; one step; level; stage; small degree; small amount
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
number one; first; best; most; game; round
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
punch (with the fist); punching (a hole); hole punch; punch (drink); punch (in a song, speech, etc.); impact
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
match; game; bout; contest
in any case; at all events; no matter how things turn out; whichever way it goes
judgement; judgment; decision; ruling; finding; adjudication
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who