indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
our country; our land; one's own country
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
support; backing; aid; assistance
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to use (a brush, chopsticks, etc.); to move
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take (by force); to take away; to snatch; to absorb (one's attention); to fascinate; to captivate
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
deed; act; conduct; behavior; asceticism
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
neck; head; dismissal (from a job); firing
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
to misread; to read wrongly; to misinterpret
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
three generations; third generation immigrant; sansei; the third (e.g. Henry III)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to lose; to miss (a chance, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you