indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
messenger; envoy; emissary
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
strategic arrangement of go stones at the beginning of a game; opening moves; preparations; preparatory steps; arrangements
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
judgment; judgement; divination; judgement
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
honorific/polite/humble prefix
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
it's different when ... but; it's not so bad when ... but
have to (do, be); must (do, be); is indispensable; is absolutely necessary
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to glare at; to scowl at; to stare intensely at; to examine carefully; to estimate; to guess
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
one-by-one; separately; in detail
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
dealing with; coping with
delay; lag; falling behind; falling behind in; lagging behind in
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly