indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
living by oneself; living alone
lonely (e.g. person, feeling); lonesome; desolate; deserted; sad; lacking
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to divert (e.g. one's mind); to distract; to relieve (boredom, sorrow, etc.); to conceal (e.g. one's grief with a smile); to hide; to shift (the conversation)
part-time job; side job; part-time worker; part-timer
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to cram; to stuff; to jam; to squeeze; to pack; to crowd
exhausted; worn out; battered (esp. of clothing); worn out; (boiling) to a pulp; to a mash
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to miss (doing); to fail (to do); to do without
to turn up; to make an appearance; to put in an appearance; to drop by
the way back; the way home; return trip
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to send; to dispatch; to see (someone) off; to escort; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to spend (time)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
skillful; adroit; craft; craftsmanship; plot; scheme
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while traveling (travelling); present brought by a visitor; something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation); unwelcome gift
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
thank you (for the meal); that was a delicious meal; thank you (for displaying lovey-dovey behaviour)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
alone; by oneself; on one's own
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo