far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
star (usu. excluding the Sun); planet (usu. excluding Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); asterisk; star (actor, player, etc.); dot; spot
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
anger; rage; fury; wrath; indignation
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
ferocious; fierce; audacious; impudent; shameless
to flare up; to burst into flames
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to pile up; to make a heap; to lay (e.g. bricks); to acquire (e.g. experience); to build (a reputation)
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to burn; to burn with (emotion, feeling); to be fired up
to use up; to exhaust; to devote oneself (to); to do one's utmost (for); to do to exhaustion; to do completely
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; impulse
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
generation; lifetime; the age; the day; the first (e.g. Elizabeth I); issei
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call; to name; to call oneself ...; to go by the name of ...; to purport (to be); to profess
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
to begin a trip; to depart; to embark; to die; to pass away; to depart this life
end; extremity; limit; result; outcome; upshot
dirty; filthy; disordered; messy; indecent (language, etc.); dirty
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
-itis (indicating an inflammatory disease)
to find; to discover; to come across; to be used to seeing; to be familiar with