indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
pupil; student; schoolchild
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fly (any insect of infraorder Muscomorpha); person of no worth; pisher; scrub
calling (someone a thief, coward, etc.); branding (as); denouncing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
reason; logic; sense; truth; right
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
it cannot be that ...; it is highly unlikely that ...; it is impossible that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
demand; firm request; requisition; requirement; desire
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
guarantee; security; assurance; warranty
to lift up; to hold up; to give; to present; to do (for someone)
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
such; this sort of; like this
attack; offence; top (dominant partner of a homosexual relationship); barrage (of); flood (of)
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to tease; to make fun of; to poke fun at; to make a crack about; to chaff; to kid
tedious; boring; being fed up with
vice president (of a club, organization, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to be called; to do
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
story; tale; talk; discussion
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
don't you think?; indicates question
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?