indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
light (e.g. aircraft, truck); light motor vehicle (up to 660cc and 64bhp); kei car
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
cosplay (dressing in costume, esp. as a manga character, etc.)
(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
tea drinking; teahouse; tearoom; coffee lounge
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
such ... as; or some such
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
weekend; Saturday and Sunday
older brother; elder brother
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hurriedly; in a hurry; in haste; (arch.) sudden
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already