the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
by means of; due to; because of; according to
special; particular; peculiar; unique
magnetic field; ambience; atmosphere; focal point
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
occurrence; incidence; generation (of power, heat, etc.); production; ontogeny; development
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
island; one's territory (of a sex worker, organized crime gang, etc.); one's turf
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
the art of war; martial arts; military force; the sword; (arch.) valor; (arch.) bravery
exclusively doing ...; person who exclusively does ...; fetish for ...; first; most important thing; number one priority
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
magic tool (in fiction); magical item
contest; competition; struggle; scramble
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
each place; every place; various places; all parts (of the country, world, etc.)
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
to unfold; to unroll; to open
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
search (esp. for someone or something missing); manhunt; legally authorized search of a person, building, etc.
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
infiltration; sneaking in; going undercover
wherein; therein; thereinto; among which
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
scene; spectacle; sight; view
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
to bake (a design onto ceramic); to fire (on); to burn into (one's memory); to sear into; to print (from a negative); to brand; to fuse together (metals)
image (on a screen); picture (e.g. on a TV); video; film; reflection; image (in one's mind)
record; document; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); setting (a record); recording (a record high, etc.)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
consequence; outcome; result; blame; fault
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
endless; boundless; innumerable; endless; never-ending; going on forever
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation