indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
bone; frame; outline; core; backbone; spirit
to burn; to roast; to broil; to heat; to heat up; to make (charcoal, pottery, bricks, etc.); to bake
to be crowded; to be packed; to be complex; to go into; to put into; to do intently
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
ceramics; pottery; porcelain
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
Chinese bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorus)
elder sister; effeminate man
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
to get back; to regain; to recover; to make up (for); to catch up on
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to have a good command of (a language); to play proficiently (of a musical instrument); to work (a puppet); to pull the strings of a puppet
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
difficult; tough; formidable; redoubtable; stubborn
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
no matter what it takes; by any means necessary; at all costs; by hook or by crook
to check; to hold back; to keep at bay; to stop; to prevent; to stem
sad fate; tragic doom; ill fate
miko; shrine maiden; young girl or woman (trad. an unmarried virgin) who assists priests at shrines; medium; sorceress; shamaness
revival (e.g. musical); come-back; restoration; rebirth; resurrection
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)