indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one line; one streak; one item (in an itemized form); one clause; one matter (affair, event, case, incident)
firefly (Luciola cruciata); lightning bug; glowworm
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
nth-year student; nth-year pupil
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
circumstances; condition; arranging; managing; lending money; raising money
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
state (of affairs); situation; appearance; look(s); sign; indication
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
the whole school; all the schools
pupil; student; schoolchild
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
nothing but; except; no more than
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
junior high school student; middle school pupil
to be mixed; to be blended with; to associate with; to mingle with; to join
academic year; school year; year in school; grade in school
scattered; disperse; loose; disconnected; in pieces; in drops
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
lesson; class; teaching; instruction; classwork; schoolwork
basics; fundamentals; basis; basically; fundamentally
self-study; teaching oneself; studying by oneself (at school) while the teacher is absent
form (as opposed to substance); format; form; formality; form; mode