nth son; lang; official title in ancient China; (arch.) man; (arch.) young man; (arch.) my husband
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
war; fighting; fierce competition
to repeat; to do something over again
to make a mistake; to be incorrect; to be mistaken
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
selection; choice; option
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
just one person; only one
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to fight against; to oppose; to face
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
how; in what way; how about
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
should; must; -able; probably; likely
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
around the world; throughout the world
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others