indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
disk; discus; flying saucer; disc media (CD, DVD, etc.)
far away; distant place; long ago; far back; by far
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
suffix for familiar person
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
10th month of the lunisolar calendar (traditional first month of winter, approx. November); late autumn; late fall
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
father; dad; husband; you; he
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis