yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (vegetables, treasure, etc.); to mine (coal, ore, etc.); to top
tunnel; (mining) gallery; level; shaft; pit
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
explosive; blasting powder
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
destructive blast; blowing up; explosion
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; yoisho! (word shouted by the spectators during a yokozuna's ritual stomps); yoisho (filler word in folk music, etc.); flattery; buttering up (someone)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
soon; before long; slowly; quietly; already; about time
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
time; hour; period; class