you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to get dirty; to become dirty; to become sullied; to become corrupted; to lose one's chastity
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
instant; moment; for an instant
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
such; like that; that sort of; very
meeting; rendezvous; encounter; confluence
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
successive generations; successive emperors
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
commemoration; celebration; honoring the memory of something; turning something into a memento; memory
public performance; exhibition in a foreign country
(some) more; even more; longer; further
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
materials; data; document
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine