indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
departure; leaving; setting off
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
time; hour; period; class
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel; castor; caster
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) han (unit of land area, approx. 595.8 m^2)
eccentric; oddball; character; weirdo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
deep in the mountains; mountain recesses
... years old; age (of) ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
life; living; livelihood; (one's) living
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
to recall; to remember; to recollect
state (of affairs); situation; appearance; look(s); sign; indication
how; in what way; how about
popular figure; person in demand; favorite; favourite
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
3rd day of the month; three days
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
fumi-e; fumie; tablet bearing Christian images, on which Edo-period authorities forced suspected Christians to trample; allegiance test; loyalty test
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
wait-and-see (situation, stance, etc.); waiting to see (how things play out); watching developments (before acting); probe; probing move
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)