indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense, form, aspect)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
time; hour; period; class
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
yukata (light cotton kimono worn in the summer or used as a bathrobe)
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; (arch.) five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
hairdresser (for sumo wrestlers and actors); wigmaker (for actors); hairdressing room (Edo-period kabuki)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
suffix appended to somebody else's family members
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
what's the matter?; what's wrong?
stomach; Chinese "stomach" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
condition; state; health; state (of health); way; manner