indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be found; to be discovered
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to say; to tell; to state; to do
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
such a stupid ...; what a crazy ...; no way!; what nonsense!; how can that be?
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hot spring; onsen; hot spring resort; hot spring spa
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be placed on; to be set on; to be piled on; to appear (in print); to be mentioned; to be recorded
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
the place for; the time for; the level of
company; association; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen