time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thank you for waiting; sorry to have kept you waiting
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
please (give me); please (do for me)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
honour; honor; glory; privilege
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
bad ending (in a film, novel, etc.); unhappy ending
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to dye; to colour; to color
giant; great man; Tokyo Giants (baseball team)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
please; somehow or other; one way or another
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
to carry on one's shoulder; to shoulder; to bear; to bear (burden, responsibility, etc.); to take upon oneself
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
in that way; thus; so; so?