back off!; leave me alone!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to gather; to collect; to assemble
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
revival (e.g. musical); come-back; restoration; rebirth; resurrection
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
obstruction; check; hindrance; prevention; impediment; interdiction
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
how; in what way; by what means
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
no; that's wrong; it's not like that; isn't it?; wasn't it?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work