indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
aggression; invasion; raid
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
stand; rack; support; holder; counter for machines, incl. vehicles; setting (e.g. in jewellery); level (e.g. price level)
feather; plume; wing; shuttlecock (in badminton)
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(logical) true; regular; 10^40; ten thousand undecillion; original; positive
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
apathy; lassitude; lethargy; languor
government; administration
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
to board; to embark on; to get into (a car); to march into; to enter
hot blood; warm blood; zeal; fervor; fervour
young man; young woman; young people; youth; youngsters
two persons; two people; pair; couple
endless; boundless; everlasting
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
dangling heavily; swaying to and fro; strolling; rambling; idly; lazily
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least